Liberia lifts Ebola emergencyGeneva - Liberia lifted its state of emergency on Thursday, announcing huge gains in the fight with Ebola as Africa pinned its hopes on trials for a "miracle drug" to be tested on patients in Guinea.
The end of a raft of tough restrictions - the clearest sign yet that authorities in Monrovia believe they are beating the epidemic - follows a dramatic recent drop in new cases.
"I have informed the leadership of the national legislature that I will not seek an extension of the state of emergency," President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf announced on state-owned radio network ELBC.
The end of a raft of tough restrictions - the clearest sign yet that authorities in Monrovia believe they are beating the epidemic - follows a dramatic recent drop in new cases.
"I have informed the leadership of the national legislature that I will not seek an extension of the state of emergency," President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf announced on state-owned radio network ELBC.
Sirleaf announced the emergency regime on 6 August, speaking of "a clear and present danger" from Ebola, which at the time had claimed around 1 000 lives across west Africa.
Sirleaf said the relaxation was "not because the fight against Ebola is over" but because recent successes in battling the epidemic had combined "to reposition our efforts to sustain our fight against the virus".
She added that Liberia had acted "decisively" by imposing tough new regulations on closing borders, imposing curfews and quarantines, shutting schools and restricting public gatherings.
Official figures show Ebola has claimed more than 5,100 lives across west Africa -- 2,836 of them in hardest-hit Liberia -- with the real death toll thought to be up to three times higher.
But the Liberian government said this week new cases had dropped from a daily peak of more than 500 to around 50, confirming tentative announcements by experts worldwide of an apparent slowdown.
Miracle drug
Aid agency Doctors Without Borders, known by its French acronym MSF, said researchers would test a promising antiviral drug and transfusions of survivors' blood in the first ever clinical trials on people with the virus.
The tests in two of its treatment centres in Guinea - due to begin next month - are aimed at rushing out an emergency therapy, with results expected as early as February.
Ebola, transmitted through bodily fluids, leads to haemorrhagic fever and - in an estimated 70 percent of cases in the current outbreak - death.
There is no specific treatment regime and, as yet, no licensed vaccine - although possible candidates are being tested in Mali and elsewhere.
The antiviral has been shown to work on other viruses, but not Ebola, said Annick Antierens, who is coordinating the trials for the medical charity.
"Either it is very efficient, and then it is a miracle drug... (or) it is not efficient at all, and this is very much possible. We have reason to believe that that is not the case, but it is still very much possible," she added.
She added that there could be "an intermediary result, whereby it's promising and we're not sure if it will be efficient for every patient".
Ebola, which emerged in Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976, is one of the most aggressive pathogens known to humankind, and victims tend to die a few days after showing symptoms.
The target for a successful trial in each of the treatments under consideration will be the patient surviving for two weeks, said MSF, adding that no one would be tested without informed consent.
New experience
Patients in the Conakry trial will be administered with blood or plasma containing antibodies from survivors.
"We want to find out whether it works for Ebola, whether it is safe and whether it can be scaled up to reduce the number of deaths in the current outbreak," said lead coordinator Johan van Griensven.
The antiviral was selected from a shortlist drawn up by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is overseeing the project, after a review of a wide range of issues, including trials on non-human primates and availability.
MSF is in discussion for a third trial, on antiviral brincidofovir, in Liberian capital Monrovia but has not yet been given the green light.
"Conducting clinical trials of investigational drugs in the midst of a humanitarian crisis is a new experience for all of us, but we are determined not to fail the people of west Africa," said Peter Horby, who would lead the Monrovia team.
Almost all of the deaths in the current outbreak have been in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, but smaller outbreaks have emerged in Nigeria, Senegal, the United States and Spain.
Mali is scrambling to prevent a serious epidemic after the deaths of an Islamic cleric in October and, this week, the nurse who treated him in the capital Bamako.
The WHO announced on Wednesday that the outbreak had passed a gruesome landmark, with 5 160 deaths from around 14 000 cases since Ebola emerged in the forests of southern Guinea.
